161. The third story has one hall, fourteen feet in width and sixty-five in length; one lecture-room, thirty-five feet by sixty-five; one school-room, twenty-five feet by thirty-five; one room for the director, twelve feet square; and one recitation-room, the same size. The first and second stories of the building are thirteen feet and two inches high in the clear. The third story is sixteen feet high in the clear.

     The old brick school-house, from the time of its first occupation until its demolition, had been in use for a period of nearly nineteen years. Of the principal teachers who were employed within its walls during that period, it has been found impracticable to make a list absolutely complete, because the district records are defective in this particular, and the recollections of different persons, apparently equally reliable and well informed, who have been applied to for information, have proved to be entirely at variance with each other on the subject. A list, however, is given below, which is nearly complete for the first few years, and is believed to be entirely so for the remainder of the time. It is as follows: W. Wills,--first teacher in the school-house, as before stated, -- term of 1849-50; John S. Dixon,--successor of Mr. Wills,--1850 to 1852; Seth Beden, term of 1853-54; J. S. Houston, term of 1855-56; W. F. Munson, 1857; L. Barnes, 1858-59. The school had previously been graded into primary, intermediate , and grammar departments. Mrs. Barnes, the wife of the professor and a graduate of Albion Female College, took charge of the intermediate department. D. Cramer, 1850-60; Prof. Charles W. Bowen, 1860 to 1862. The schools were regraded under Prof. Bowen. Rufus T. Bush, 1862-63. The first course of study for the high school, adopted by the board, was prepared by Mr. Bush. Mrs. Bush was also employed as a teacher in the school. Michael McKernan, engaged July 11, 1863; resigned, by request, March 10, 1865. S. S. Babcock, 1865-66; Joshua S. Lane, 1866-67; L. S. Montague, engaged Sept. 9, 1867, for a term of twenty weeks. At the close of Mr. Montague's term the old schoolhouse was demolished to make room for the new building.

     When the new house was first occupied by the schools, they were in charge of Prof. S. S. Babcock, who was employed as principal teacher, at a salary of $1500 per annum. Upon the expiration of the time for which he was employed, he demanded an increase of salary, which was not acceded to by the board, who-then employed Prof. T. C. Garner, at the same salary. He remained in charge of the school until 1873, when Prof. E. W. Schreeb was employed as principal, at a salary of, $1200. He in turn was succeeded, in 1874, by Prof. W. Cary Hill, who remained until 1877, when he was succeeded by Prof. Elihu B. Fairfield, who has remained in charge until the present time.

     The Howell public schools are organized in three departments, primary, grammar, and high school, each of four years, aggregating twelve years in the entire course.

     The grades of the school culminate in the high school. Nearly every pupil who enters a primary, or grammar grade expects, eventually, to become a pupil in the high school, and hopes to graduate therefrom. Its stimulating influence upon all the grades below is too wide-spread and deep-reaching to admit of computation; nor is it any less difficult to estimate its influence upon the community which sustains it. The graduating exercises excite a larger influence among the people of Howell than any other educational event of the year.

     The present teachers are Elihu B. Fairfield, B.S., Superintendent; Mrs. Jennie K. Hill, Preceptress; Miss Jane E. Neely, Eighth Grade; Mrs. J. M. Clark, Seventh Grade; Miss Emma W. Lamb, Sixth Grade; Miss Mattie Kerns, Fifth Grade; Miss Mary Parsons, Fourth Grade; Miss Jennie E. Naylor, Third Grade; Miss Mary Williamson, Second Grade; Miss Celia E. Sprague, First Grade.

     The following are statistics of this school district for the year ending June 27, 1879:

162. The school officers for 1879 are Edward P. Gregory, Director; Harry J. Haven Moderator; C. Smith, Treasurer. Board of Trustees, Harry J. Haven, term expires 1880; A. D. Waddell, term expires 1880; Mylo L. Gay, term expires 1881; Alexander McPherson, term expires 1881; Edward P. Gregory, term expires 1882; L. C. Smith, term expires 1882.

PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN HOWELL

     Various private institutions of learning have had their existence in Howell at different periods, but chiefly during the ten or twelve years immediately preceding the establishment of the graded system, in the public schools of the village.

     The earliest of these educational enterprises was the "Howell Select School," commenced in 1845 by Theodore Bridgman, who advertised that "particular attention will be paid to those desirous of qualifying themselves for teaching, and no pains will be spared to render this school (so far as the teacher is concerned) both pleasant and profitable." The duration of this school has not been ascertained, but it was taught for a time in the old Presbyterian meeting-house, and was remarkable chiefly for the total failure of its principal to perform any of the promises which he made at the time of its commencement.

     In December of the same year in which Mr. Bridgman had commenced his school, a "Classical Select School" was opened in Howell by the Rev. G. F. McEwen. The principal was a gentleman of good ability and highly educated, but his school was neither long-lived nor very successful.

     A select school was opened April 6, 1846, by Mrs. Maria L. Charles, "on Grand River Street, one door East of the Courier Printing-Office." It is said to have been a good school of its grade during the time of its continuance.

     On the 1st of April, in the same year, William Pitt Glover opened a school which he named "The Howell Academy." Mr. Glover announced in his prospectus that he was prepared to teach orthography, reading, penmanship, arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, political economy, mineralogy, zoology, botany, physiology, geology, astronomy, chemistry, philosophy, algebra, optics, physics, rhetoric, criticism, logic and the Greek and Latin languages. Also that

     "Declamation and composition will be attended to. Lectures on different moral and scientific, subjects will be given at proper intervals. Particular attention will be paid to the moral, as well as the intellectual culture of those committed to his care; and whilst the number to be admitted will not exceed the limits of a private academical family, subject to, the rules of a well-ordered domestic economy, the circle and range of instruction, the subjects of study and the progress to be made in them, will have no other limits than the choice of the student, or his friends, and the measure of time, capacity, and diligence which he can bring to their prosecution . . . To persons desiring to pursue a collegiate course of education, or to prepare for the practical duties of life, he pledges his efforts to make this institution worthy of future confidence.''

     The institution, however, never became celebrated, and after a brief and rather a languishing career it ceased to exist.

     A number of private schools have had their day in Howell since those above mentioned. Among the most noticeable of these was the "Howell Select School" of Mrs. Rosina L. Dayfoot, which was in successful operation as early as 1857, and so continued for several years after that time. It was taught in the house now owned and occupied by Ira Preston, on Walnut Street, in the southwest part of the village. In 1861 this school was conducted by Mrs. Dayfoot as Principal; Miss Fanny M. Lyon, Assistant Principal; and Mr. L. A. Westphal, Music Teacher. It is said to have been one of the best schools of its kind ever taught in Howell. After leaving here it was established in Fentonville, Genesee Co.

    The "Howell Academy," a prospective institution of learning (bearing the same name as Mr. W. P. Glover's school of 1846, but having no connection with it), was incorporated by act of Legislature, approved March 27, 1848, with an authorized capital of $10,000, in shares of $5 each; the corporators named in the act being Josiah Turner, F. C. Whipple, Elijah F. Burt, Alvan Isbell, Gardner Wheeler, George W. Lee, John Kenyon, Jr., Almon Whipple, and Edward E. Gregory. Beyond the procurement of this act of incorporation, nothing was ever done in furtherance of the project.

LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS

     Several literary associations have existed in Howell at various times. The first of these was the "Howell Lyceum," which was organized as early as 1843, and in that year elected as its officers George W. Jewett, President; William McPherson, Vice-President; Owen W. Griffith, Secretary. The Lyceum was reorganized in November, 1857, with A. D. Waddell as President; John M. Clark, Vice-President; F. W. Munson, Secretary; H. C. Briggs, Treasurer. Besides the Lyceum, there have been the Ciceronians (a debating society existing at least as early as 1860), the Young Men's Lecture and Library. Association, the Ladies' Library Association (elsewhere mentioned), and others,--all aiming at literary improvement, and all accomplishing, in greater or less degree, the object for which they were formed.

162a.

Image of
Francis Monroe

     Francis Monroe was one of the earliest settlers of Livingston County. He passed through what is now the village of Howell before a building bad been erected there. His father, Lemuel Monroe, was one of the heroes of the Revolution. He served through that memorable war; participated in the battle of Bunker Hill; was present at Burgoyne's surrender, and in many other engagements. He also served in the war of 1812. Was three times married, and was the father of eighteen children, seventeen of whom grew to maturity. In his old age he came to Howell and made his home with his son Francis, at whose residence he died at the advanced age of ninety-seven years and two months.

     Francis Monroe was the eldest of six children by the third wife of his father. She resided at Mendon, N.Y., when her husband was serving in the war of 1812, and for several years thereafter. There Francis was born Aug. 8, 1813. When a lad he was indentured until he was twenty-one years of age, at which time he received the customary one hundred dollars and two suits of clothes. This important event occurred Aug. 8, 1834, and on the 18th day of September of that year he was married to Miss Luana Hicks, of Bristol, N. Y. Her father had died, and from his estate she received one hundred dollars upon her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Monroe then had a joint capital of two hundred dollars, and plans were soon matured for securing a home. They resolved to go to the then Territory of Michigan, and within a week, Mr. Monroe started on a tour westward.

     After prospecting through Eastern Michigan, he located on the southwest quarter of section 28, now the town of Howell. Returning to Bristol he worked by the month some two years, and in the spring of 1837, with his wife and two children, moved on to his land, and commenced the task of creating a home from the unbroken forest. With limited means and few neighbors, he was thrown upon his own resources to procure the necessaries of life. He worked out by the day. The first fall after his arrival he went twelve miles to dig potatoes (for one La Grange, in Unadilla), receiving in payment a bushel of potatoes for a day's work. Money was a thing almost unknown. To pay taxes and the twenty-five cents postage on a letter from the East, were grave questions to the pioneer. Wolves were plenty, and soon a bounty of seventeen, dollars was offered for their scalps. This was most fortunate for Mr. Monroe, who gave them considerable attention; he took as many as three in a week, which rendered him material financial relief.

     The progress of the pioneer under these adverse circumstances was necessarily slow; but after the log house was built, the clearing was continued. Year by year improvements were made and other lands added the small clearing expanded to broad and fertile fields, and the log house has long since given place to a large and commodious brick residence, with such surroundings as indicate the thrifty farmer.

     By his first wife he had ten children, viz.: Henry O., is a farmer in Wisconsin; F. N., is a hardware merchant in Howell; James M., is a farmer in Ingham County; Norton M., is living on the old homestead;  George W., also on a farm in Ingham County; Mary L., married William Bezan, and died at Howell; Luana A. and Helen M., both died unmarried; William H., is a farmer in the town of, Howell; Lucinda M. became the wife of R. B. Morgan, a portrait painter and inventor, and resides at Ann Arbor. The present Mrs. Monroe was a Mrs. Brininstoole, formerly of Batavia, N. Y.

     Mr. Monroe and both his wives were members of the Baptist Church of Howell. His first wife was one of the few who organized the church, and he is still a zealous worker in that organization.

     In 1871, Mr. Monroe left the farm in charge of his son, Norton M., and purchased a residence in the village of Howell, where he has since resided, enjoying a well-earned competency and the respect of all.

     163. THE LADIES' LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF HOWELL

     In the winter of 1874-75, the "spelling-school" mania, which was at that time at its height in many places in the State, reached Howell, and resulted in the formation of a, "school," which became somewhat popular, and continued long enough to yield a small surplus revenue above expenses. After its close, it was determined to apply this fund supplemented by contributions to the establishment of this association, which was accordingly organized in May, 1875; the following named ladies being its first officers: Mrs. Mylo L. Gay, President; Miss Ella Burt, Corresponding Secretary; Miss Millie Hickey, Recording Secretary; Mrs. H. G. Fry, Treasurer; Miss Frank Skilbeck, Librarian.

     Only 25 volumes were purchased at first, but the number has increased to 317 volumes. During the first year of its existence, the association had its rooms in the Sabin block, from which place they were removed to Weimeister block on Grand River Street, and remained there for about nine months, after which they were changed to their present location in Hubbell block. The rooms are opened from three to five o'clock P.M. on Saturdays.

     At the commencement, the association opened a reading-room in connection with the library, and this was maintained for about one year, after which it was discontinued on account of an apparent lack of interest on the part of those for whose benefit it was designed. The present (1879) officers of the association are Mrs., S. F. Hubbell, President; Mrs. Dennis Shields, First Vice-President; Mrs. Newton,T. Kirk, Second Vice-President; Miss M. Burt, Secretary; Mrs. William McPherson, Corresponding Secretary; Miss Jane E. Neely, Treasurer; Miss Helen Williamson, Librarian; Mrs. M. J. McPherson, Assistant Librarian.

THE PRESS OF HOWELL

     The newspapers of Howell-- The Livingston Democrat, by Joseph T. Titus & Son, and Livingston Republican, by L. C. Miller--will be found mentioned in the history of the Press of Livingston County.

RELIGIOUS

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN HOWELL

     That the Methodist Church of Howell was the first- religious organization effected in the village and township is shown by. the best and most unquestionable  upon the subject,--that of a person who took part in its formation, was one of its first officers, and who, recollects better and more clearly than any, other person now living the circumstances preceding and connected with that interesting event. This person is the Rev. Alvin L. Crittenden, from whose narrative an extract has been given in the preceding pages, telling how Deacon Israel Branch, with other settlers of several religious denominations, held the first (informal but devout) religious services at Livingston Centre, in the house of Amos Adams, late in the autumn of 1835. In reference to the establishment of worship here by members of the Methodist denomination and the organization of their church in Howell, Mr. Crittenden proceeds as follows:

    "In the month of April [1836] I learned there was Methodist preaching at Ore Creek, now Brighton. I left my home at Mr. Sage's, half a mile west of the village of Howell, and walked to Ore Creek and listened to Rev. Mr. Bibbins. He gave notice at the close of the services that Rev. Elijah Crane, then traveling Plymouth Circuit, would hold a two days' meeting there in four weeks. After service I walked back to my home; and at the time appointed I walked again to Brighton to attend the two days' meeting, where I first met and formed an acquaintance with Rev. Elijah Crane and Rev. John Cosart, a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

     "While attending the meeting at Brighton, arrangements were made for Rev. Mr. Cosart to come to Howell and preach and form a Methodist class, and send a report to Rev. Elijah Crane, who would represent our wants at the ensuing Annual Conference, and if possible secure for us regular preaching. By some mistake the notice was given one week too soon; we assembled, but no preacher came. A prayer-meeting was held, and at its close it was thought by the Methodists present that although we were disappointed in not having a preacher with us, we would not be disappointed in regard to having a class formed. Accordingly we organized ourselves into a business-meeting for that purpose, by electing Pardon Barnard chairman, and A. L. Crittenden secretary. Those who had letters from the Methodist Episcopal Church, passed them in and they were read, and A. L. Crittenden was elected class-leader. Thus I had the honor to be the first official member of any religious organization ever formed in Howell. But a regular class-book could not be obtained; so I did the next best thing that could be done under the circumstances,-- took a sheet of paper and doubled it together, and recorded the names of the members thereon. The original book I still have in my possession, which I exhibited at the Pioneer meeting, in June last.

     The next Sabbath Rev. John Cosart preached in Howell, which was the third sermon delivered in Howell, and the first by a Methodist minister. He acknowledged our proceedings, to be right, sent on the report of our society as agreed upon, and in the fall of 1830 Washington Jackson was sent to Livingston County as a missionary from the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; for at that time all of Eastern Michigan was embraced in the Ohio Conference.

     The names as they appear upon the original class-book when the class was formed are: Alvin L. Crittenden, Pardon Barnard, Eliza Ann Barnard, Peter Brewer, Dorcas Brewer, Sylvester Rounds, Polly Rounds, Asabel Rounds, Mary Sage, and Nathaniel Johnson.

     Soon after, and before a traveling preacher arrived, there were received by letter Clarissa Johnson, Asabel Dibble, Abigail Dibble, and Abigail Smith. No date appears on the book except 1836 until Washington Jackson arrived upon the mission; but I think the class was formed in June of that year. The first date upon the book is Sept. 5, 1836. It has been said that Pardon Barnard, had been licensed as an exhorter in the State of New York before coming to Michigan, which I suppose is correct, although 164. his credentials were not presented to the Howell society. But on the 4th day of November, 1936, the society voted him and A. L. Crittenden license as exhorters in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and my license is dated as above, and signed by Washington Jackson, missionary.

     "The first quarterly meeting held in Howell was July 15 and 16, 1837, by Rev. Wm. Horr, P. E., of Detroit District. Several changes were made in the membership of the society from time to time, and in the spring of 1837 the following names appear upon the book: A. L. Crittenden, Pardon Barnard, Eliza A. Barnard, Peter Brewer, Dorcas Brewer, Mary Sage, Nathaniel Johnson, Clarissa Johnson, Asabel Dibble, Abigail Dibble, Abigail C. Smith, Elizabeth Thompson, Maria Thompson, Amarilla Crane, S. H. Crane, Matthew West; and In January, 1838, there were received Mary Brewer, Jane Crittenden, Sarah Baldwin, Syrena H. Crane, Joseph Sexton, Janette Sexton, Gertrude Butler, David Dickerson, Lucy Dickerson, and Hannah Hubbard.

     "In 1840 I left Howell and moved to Hamburg, and Matthew West was appointed leader, which position he held until 1842, when he resigned, and I, having moved back to Howell, was reappointed, which position I held until the fall of 1854. The names had been transcribed in a regular class-book before I went to Hamburg, and in another while Matthew West was leader; which book, never came back into my hands. The book containing the names or the Howell class from July, 1842, to 1852 is still in my possession, the names having been transferred to another book, which was left in Howell when I commenced traveling in 1854."

     Since the year 1845 the church has been under charge of the following-named preachers during the years indicated, viz.: Thomas Wakelin, 1846; ---Stambaugh, 1847-48; F. W. Warren, 1849; E. W. Borden, 1850; O. D. White, 1851-52; Sylvester Calkins, 1853-54; Eli Westlake, 1854-55; George Taylor, 1856-57; --- Colby and --- Green, 1858; Riley C. Crawford, 1859; E. R. Haskell, 1860; L. H. Dean, 1861-62; A. R. Bartlett, 1863-64; Henry O. Parker, 1865-67; James T. Davidson, 1868; Thomas C. Gardner, 1865; F. W. Warren, 1870-72; S. B. Kimmel, 1873-75; Jesse Kilpatrick, 1876-78; John M. Gordon, 1879--the present pastor.

     In the early years of its existence this church, in common with the other churches of Howell, held its services in the old frame school-house in the southwest part of the village, but occupied the court-house for that purpose for a few years after its completion in 1847.

     The church edifice of the society was commenced in 1850, during the pastorate of the Rev. E. W. Borden, and was completed in the time of Rev. Eli Westlake, being dedicated in March, 1855. Its cost was about $1500. It was enlarged and improved at a cost of about $3500 during the pastorate of the Rev. S. B. Kimmel, and was rededicated March 7, 1875. The edifice occupies an excellent and easily accessible site at the southeast corner of Walnut and Sibley Streets. The society owns a good parsonage at the corner of Brooks and Walnut Streets. The present membership of the society is about 260.

     Connected with this church is a flourishing Sabbath school having an attendance of about 250, and a library of 500 volumes. The present superintendent is Henry P. Spencer. There are also under the charge and patronage of this church three other, Sabbath schools, viz., one at the Six Corners (West Howell), one in the "Howell neighborhood," and One at the "Barnard school house." The total number of scholars of all ages connected with the four schools is 547, and the whole number of teachers having these in charge is 58.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH OF HOWELL

     This church antedates all the other church organizations in Howell, excepting the Methodist. It is also stated, by the Rev. Mr. Crittenden, that the first religious services in Howell, by any regular minister, were held here by the Rev. Jonathan Post, of this denomination. Referring to this matter, Mr. Crittenden says,

    "In the month or February, 1836, Rev. Mr. Post, a Baptist minister, of Allegany Co., N. Y., came to Howell and spent the Sabbath. He preached the first sermon that was ever delivered here by a living minister. In March or April, Rev. Mr. Kanouse, a Presbyterian minister, spent the Sabbath in Howell and preached at the residence of Moses Thompson; for by this time the meetings were held at various places, the people all being willing to open their doors for religious services."

     It is proper to say, however, that Mr. Edward F. Gay, who was also excellent authority, mentioned that the first minister who held services here was the Rev. Mr. Page, a Presbyterian, which will be found referred to in the history of that church. Both statements are given without any expression of opinion as to which is the correct one. It is, no doubt, a fact that both these ministers preached here within a few days of the same time.

     In the year 1838 several persons holding letters from Baptist churches in New York and the New England States, having settled in or near the village of Howell, felt it their duty to organize for the sustaining of religious worship, and accordingly a meeting called for the purpose of taking this matter into consideration was held in the village schoolhouse, on the 14th of April, in the, year named. The record of this meeting shows the names of the following persons as present: Rev. Thomas Baker, Silas Dibble, Gardner Mason, Justin Durfee, Joseph A. Dibble, Sardis Davis, Sarah Field, Sarah Durfee, Lydia Austin, and Hannah Austin.

     These were in reality the original founders of the church, though their names do not all appear as constituent members. At this meeting, after uniting in devotional exercises, and a mutual exchange of views on the propriety of uniting together in the relation of church fellowship, a resolution was unanimously passed, by which they were formed 165. into a body to be subsequently recognized, according to the usage of the denomination, as a Regular Baptist Church.

     A committee was then appointed, consisting of Silas Dibble, Gardner Mason, and Justin Durfee, to present at 9 future meeting Articles of Faith and Practice, together with a Church Covenant. Rev. Thomas Baker was chairman and Justin Durfee clerk of this meeting. This was the first of the meetings held by what is now known as the First Baptist Church of Howell. From that date to the present regular meetings have been maintained.

     A meeting was held according to adjournment on the 12th of May following. The committee appointed at the previous meeting made their report, presenting Articles of Faith and a Church Covenant, which was adopted. These are substantially those adopted by all regular Baptist churches. The propriety of calling a council for recognition was discussed, and arrangements were made to this end, at this meeting. The time for the council was fixed on the 21st of June following. The subject of settling a pastor was brought up, and a committee was raised to secure the labors of Rev. Thomas Baker, then residing in Highland. Through this committee arrangements of a satisfactory character were made with him, by which he became the first pastor of this church. His time of service began with the first meeting held by the church.

     On June 21st the council, previously provided for and invited by action of the church, convened at the village school-house. It was organized by the choice of Rev. E. Weaver, Moderator, and A. N. Kemis, Clerk. The records of this council show a representation of four churches by delegates: Highland, E. Lee, J. Tenny; Hartland, Rev. A Lamb; Walled Lake, Rev. E. Weaver, J. Coe, N. Daniels; Kensington, Rev. A. P. Mather, D. Seely, E. Cole, A. N. Kemis.

     Twelve persons presented letters, and requested recognition as a regular Baptist church. The names of these, as they appear on the records, are Silas Dibble, Aaron Sickles, Fanny Dibble, Hannah Austin, Joseph Dibble, Justin Durfee, Rachel Dibble, Lydia Austin, Daniel Case, Anna Dibble, Sarah Durfee, Luana Monroe.

     Their Articles of faith having been examine d by the, council and approved, the usual services of recognition were held on the same day. The sermon was by Rev. E. Weaver, of Walled Lake, from Psalms XXVI. 8: "Lord, I, have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honor dwelleth." The address and hand of fellowship were given to the church by Rev. A. Lamb of Hartland. Thus occurred the memorable services by which this church took a position with the churches of the Baptist denomination of those who were engaged in the organization of this church, there are some whose memory will be gratefully cherished, whose names do not appear among those of the original members; but they will appear in the course of the first year's history of the church.

     The "Baptist Society of Howell", was legally organized Dec. 29, 1838; the trustees then elected being O. J. Field, O. F. Olds, Gardner Mason, George W. Kneeland, Daniel Case, O. J. Smith, Justin Durfee; and O. J. Field was chosen clerk of the society.

     The labors of Rev. Thomas Baker were closed in December of that year, and Rev. Erick Mosher then a licentiate, was called to the pastorate. His salary was $100 a year, with the use of a residence. During the year there were added to the church, by letter, 11. The church was represented, by delegates in the Michigan Association, held in the fall of that year at Walled Lake, and on application was received into that body.

     The first year closed with encouraging success. The membership were happily united under the pastoral labors of Rev. E. Mosher, who was requested by the church to receive ordination. For this purpose a council was called on the 9th of May in the following year. By this council the pastor of the church was set apart to the work of the ministry in the usual order of the denomination. Mr. Mosher continued in the work of the ministry, a faithful, judicious, and successful pastor, up to the time of his death, which occurred while he was pastor of the Baptist Church of Northville, Mich. At the close of the second year the records of the church show that six had been received by letter and three by baptism. The first person who was received into the church by baptism was Harriet M. Sickles, baptized April 14, 1839. Samuel Lyon was received by, baptism at about, the same time, and is believed by some to have been the first so received into the church. The total number at the close of the year was 32. The pastor's labors were continued with them at the unanimous request of the church.

     Up to the first of August no permanent action had been taken by the church respecting the election of deacons, the duties of that office being performed from time to time by persons specially chosen. At that time, however, the church having previously so determined, a choice of deacon wag made by ballot. The first person appointed to that office was Townsend Drew.

     About this time many came to the church, asking admission by baptism. Rev. J. A. Keys assisted 166. the pastor in. Continued meetings which resulted in large additions to the church. Sixteen were received by baptism and three by letter, making the total membership at the close of the year 51. This year will be remembered as one of prosperity to the church, closing with harmony and activity, among, the members. It was followed, however, by one of trials. Some became indifferent, and for the first time in its history the church was obliged to resort to disciplinary action. Church labor was taken up with several members. Some returned to their walk with the church, while with others the final result was exclusion, though not during that year. In the midst of this Rev. Erick Mosher resigned the pastoral care of the church and removed to another field of labor. The year closed leaving the church without a pastor and embarrassed by want of harmony among the members. The numerical changes were additions by letter, 7; the dismissions were by letter, 5; by death, 3; while the total membership was less by one than at the close of the previous year.

     In May, 1842, they called to the pastorate Rev. N. G. Chase, of Napoleon, Mich., who began his labors at once. The labors of this pastor were acceptable to the church. Several cases of difficulty were amicably adjusted; one was received into the fellowship of the church by baptism, and several by letter, while one was dismissed by letter, making the membership at the close of the year 57.

     The church continued to enjoy the labors of Rev. N. G. Chase, receiving aid for his support from the Baptist State Convention to the amount of $75. During 1843 there were added to the church by letter, 1; and dismissed by letter, 3; excluded, 1; there being a loss of membership in the aggregate of 4.

     At this time the ordinary numbers at the covenant meetings were only from 6 to 8. In October, 1844, the pastor resigned, and closed his labors with the body. Rev. J. H. Rasco, of New York, was settled with the church in the following month. At the close of this year the total membership was the same as two years previous,--57. Two were excluded and 5 received by letter.

     During, the year 1845, Rev. A. Lamb and Chapin held a meeting, which proved beneficial to the church. Difficulties were settled, and harmony was restored, again. Six were received by baptism and 4 by letter. During the early part of the year, 2 were excluded, and 4 dismissed by letter. The membership now only exceeded by one the number three years before.

     Up to this time, the society having no church edifice, the services of the church had been held in the old frame school house of Howell village.The need of a meeting-house was severely felt, and the subject of building one had been earnestly discussed at a meeting held on the 7th of December, 1842, and on several occasions afterwards, but nothing had been done to accomplish the object. But now (in the spring of 1846) it had been determined to move actively in the matter, and the trustees of the society took steps towards the building of a house of worship, "32 by 44 feet, with a gallery on one end, and a proportionate steeple," on the present site near the northwest corner of the court-house square. It was not, however, until five years later that it was occupied; and during this interval the society continued to hold, its services in the school-house until the completion of the court-house, after which they were generally held in that building.

     In the fall of 1846 the "Wayne Association'' held its annual meeting with this church. The meeting was one of interest to the members of that body, and to the members of the church. The records of the church show the additions of the year to be 11, against 6 dismissals, making the total membership on the 1st of April, 1847, 61.

     There was a meeting of the church called on the 26th of June, 1847, for the purpose of electing three deacons. The persons chosen to that office were George T. Sage, Justin Durfee, and Ephraim Fowler. Application was made to the Home Mission Society, from whom aid was received in support of the pastor to the amount of $50. This was granted in consideration of the effort the church was making to build a house of worship.

     In November, the pastor, J. H. Rasco, offered his resignation to the church, which was accepted.

     By subsequent action of the church, his ministrations were continued until December, 1848. There were 7 additions to the church during this period, making the total membership at the close of this pastorate 61. The church was without a pastor one year and four months, during which the records show that meetings of the body were maintained with a good degree of faithfulness, and especially considering their destitution of a pastor.

     In May, 1856, Rev. A. P. Howell, of Highland, was engaged to labor as pastor. The church at this time numbered 64. During the following summer, meetings were held in the new house of worship, though as yet unfinished.

     The pastoral relation of Mr. Howell with the church closed in May, 1851, covering a period of one year, during which there were added to the body, by baptism and letter, 9; dismissed by letter, 8; died, 2; making the number of members 63. Several were granted letters this year to unite with the church in Marion, which afterwards disbanded.

     167. There now occurs in the history of the church another period of nearly a year when there was no pastor.

      In April, 1852, the house of worship was completed and consecrated to divine worship. A sermon was preached by Rev.     W. Harris, of Detroit. Rev. G. Bridge, who was present and participated in these services, was called to serve the church as pastor. He accepted, and entered upon his labors the following month. The church then numbered 61, a year having passed with no addition to its membership. No year had been like it in this respect. Under Mr. Bridge 12 by letter and 2 by baptism were received into the fellowship of the church in the first year of his labor. There was also a diminution of 4, making the total membership in May, 1853, 71. The year following the letter of the church to the Association reported 11 received by baptism, 9 by letter, against 6 diminutions. The whole number now was 85.

     The labors of Rev. G. Bridge closed in May, 1854, and he was succeeded by Rev. P. C. Dayfoot, who. entered upon his work in May, 1855.

     In October following the church reported to the Association a low state of religious interest; a year and a half had passed with an increase of 4 by letter. Again, in the fall of 1855, the total number was 76. The following year, the labors of the pastor were divided between this church and Marion the church in Howell only enjoying pastoral labor one-half of the time. There appears to have been embarrassment at this time from a debt still unprovided for. Vigorous efforts were made to liquidate this debt which were but partially successful. The returns to the Association in the fall of 1856 were 70 members.

     In April, 1857, the church was again without a pastor, and an unsuccessful effort was made to engage the services of the Rev. L. Bath, of Grass Lake, Mich. In May following, the Rev. P. C. Dayfoot was again called to serve the church as pastor, laboring here three-fourths of the time. This, engagement closed at the expiration of a year, when the church was again left destitute. After the 1st of May, 1858, the desk was supplied at different times by several clergymen, among whom were the Revs. Concklin, Lemon, and Tupper. In October of 1859 the membership was reported at 97.

     In May, 1860, the Rev. A. M. Hunt was elected pastor. His labors being acceptable to, the church, a council convened for his ordination, Sept. 20, 1860, when he was set apart for the ministry in the usual form. He continued here for one year and closed his labors May 1, 1861. In this year the membership reported was 103.

     Immediately after the close of Mr. Hunt's pastorate; a call was extended to the Rev. John Booth, under whom, the church prospered, and who continued to labor here until March, 1864. He is mentioned as a man "to be gratefully remembered by those who, enjoyed his ministrations; sound and logical as a preacher, and unusually correct and faithful in all matters of disciplinary character."

     In the August following the close of Mr. Booth's pastorate the Rev. William Tilley was engaged as pastor of the church, and under him, there was great unity and prosperity. He remained until August, 1867, when he resigned the charge. During his pastorate the church, received large accessions to its membership through the agency of a revival which occurred in the winter of 1866; the result of a series of meetings held here by the Rev. J. Moxom. During this time, also, William C. Rumsey and William L. Knapp were elected to the office of deacon (March, 1866). The membership of the church reported in the fall of 1867 was 130.

     In January, 1868, the Rev. J. S. Boyden was invited to settle with the church, and, accepting the call, entered on his work here on the 1st of March following. During that year the church edifice was thoroughly refitted in its interior at a cost of $475, and soon afterwards was repainted outside. But its days were numbered and nearly finished. About four years later it gave place to the present church, which was built on the same site at a cost of about $11,500, and completed, dedicated, and occupied as a house of worship in the year 1873.

     The pastorate of the Rev. J. S. Boyden was followed by that of the Rev. William Putnam, who was succeeded by the Rev. C. H. Remington, the present pastor. The present deacons of the church are James Turner and Cyrus Holt. The membership at the present time (August, 1879) is about 200. Connected with the church is a Sabbath-school, --- organized in 1843, -- having a present membership of 140 pupils, and a library of 400 volumes. John Black is the superintendent of the school, and F.W. Rumsey, librarian.

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF HOWELL

     The Presbyterian Church was, in point of time, the third religious organization formed in Howell; but the ministers of this denomination were among the earliest, if not the very first, regularly authorized preachers of the gospel who held religious worship in the village and township. Mr. Edward F. Gay, himself an original member of this church, named the Rev. William Page as the first minister, who preached a sermon here the services on that 168. occasion being held at the house of James Sage; and that the next minister, here was, the Rev. Jonathan Post (Baptist), who preached at the house of Moses Thompson. The Rev. A. L. Crittenden, however, in his narrative of early meetings in Howell makes Mr. Post the first minister who preached, to a congregation here; this being in February, 1836. There is this to be said in favor of the latter statement, that at the time named, Mr. Crittenden was a resident of Howell while Mr. Gay did not come here on his prospecting tour until some months later, and did not settle here until the spring of 1837. He may therefore have meant that Mr. Page was the first minister who preached here after his arrival; but, however this may have been, the question of priority is an immaterial one.

     Hon. Mylo L. Gay, son of Edward F. Gay, in a paper read on the, occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the formation of the Presbyterian Church, gave his recollections of that event and of some religious meetings which had preceded it (he being but a boy at the time alluded to), as follows:

     "My first recollections of attending meetings in the then new own date to a year and three months prior to the formation of this church. In the spring of 1837, I remember following along after my father in a winding path which led through the woods from the farm now known as the Reed farm, down to the 'Centre', then winding northward by another path through the woods to the Thompson log house on the bank of the pond, where meetings were held once in four weeks by Elder Post, who came on horseback, -- I think from Plymouth. Also in a fortnight thereafter we followed another trail westward to the small log house of James Sage, situated on the identical spot where now stands the residence of William McPherson, Jr. There I think we occasionally listened to a Methodist preacher; and the particular impression here made upon in mind was the peculiar and quaint style of starting the tune by old Mr. Sage, who, although himself a Universalist, consented to act in the capacity of chorister, and also to accommodate the neighbors with a place in which to hold meetings. Another impression was in regard to the peculiar bent position required to be maintained by the taller persons when standing, to prevent their heads coming in contact with the cross-beams above.

     "The 16th and 17th days of June, 1838, are still fresh in my memory, as they were memorable days in the history of the little hamlet then known as Livingston Centre. Those days fell on Saturday and Sunday, and the meetings were held in the loft of a one-and-a-half story building which my father had recently erected for a store. The floor of the room above was of rough, boards, and the ceiling was nothing but the roof-boards and shingles, in, close proximity to the heads of all adults; and the rough tamarack rafters with their knotty projections, were a constant reminder that all should humble themselves in the business in which they were then about to engage."

     In the building thus described by Mr. Gay, the Presbyterian Church of Howell was formed by the Rev. Henry Root the preliminary meeting being on Saturday, the sixteenth, and the organization perfected on the 17th of June, 1838. Its organization was on the union plan (Presbyterian N. S. and Congregational), and the following named persons comprised its original membership; David H. Austin, Josiah P. Jewett, Horace Griffith, Artemas Mahan, John T. Watson, George W. Jewett, Edward F. Gay, Price Morse, Andrew Riddle, William McPherson, Charles Clark, Lucretia Jewett, Catharine Griffith, Polly Ann Mahan, Hila Mahan, Julia Mahan, Sarah Mahan, Harriet, L.Watson, Anise P. Jewett, Clarissa L. Gay, Elvira Morse, Elizabeth McPherson, Mrs. Moses Thompson, Matilda Clark, Mary Clark.

     The "rotary system" was adopted in the organization; there were to be chosen three ruling elders, who were also to be invested with the office of deacon. The persons first elected, to this double office were George W. Jewett, for one year; John T. Watson, for two years; Edward F. Gay for three years; and George W. Jewett was chosen cleric.

     The "Presbyterian Society of Howell" was formed by the requisite legal steps on the 7th of July next following the organization of the church. The first trustees of this society were Edward F. Gay and F. J. B. Crane, first class, for one year; Price Morse and Josiah P. Jewett, second class, for two years; Wellington A. Glover, third class, for three years. This organization of the society was filed in the county clerk's office, Dec. 5, 1838. The earliest meetings of this congregation for religious worship (after those in Mr. Gay's store building) were held in the village school-house. But in the year 1839, the church having become stronger by accessions to its membership, a small frame church building was commenced (and completed in 1840), on a site which is described by the. Hon. M. L. Gay as being (a little to the west of Mr. Hannah's wagon-shops, opposite the school-house square, and fronting to the south quite a distance off in the bushes." The site proved unsatisfactory, being very difficult of approach in wet and muddy weather, and on this account, the building was not long after removed to the old public square, near its southeast corner. Afterwards, on account of a debt contracted in repairing and remodeling it, it was subjected to a forced sale to the highest bidder, and was eventually removed from the square to the place on East Street where it is now in use as a blacksmith shop. The interior construction and arrangement of this old church building is thus described by Mr. Gay:

     "At the right and left of the pulpit were two or three pews, the middle one elevated one step, and the back one still higher, and all at right angles with the body slips, the singers and other musicians claiming the side to the left of the preacher, and the young men in the habit of attending church appropriating the right almost 169. exclusively. It was from these elevated seats that a very commanding view of the congregation was to be obtained, it being also an exceedingly well-adapted position for the purpose of making a little vain display, were any so disposed. But whether from compulsion or choice, those seats were always well filled by the young men; and, no doubt, I am relating the experience of many of the gray-heads of today when I aver that it was from those conspicuous seats, when occupied by them in youth that their partners for life were chosen. From the side appropriated to; and occupied by the singers and musicians, we were wont to hear and enjoy good, old-fashioned tunes, sweeter by far than many of modern days, though, perhaps, to the artistic ear, not rendered in the most faultless and scientific style, yet possessing a depth and power which neither time nor change have sufficed to efface from the memory."

     During the first year of its existence--that is, up to the 16th of June, 1839--the church had received accessions to its membership to the number of 17. On the 2lst of September in that year it was resolved, by a vote of the church, "that, inasmuch as this church is now neither Presbyterian nor Congregational, we hereby become Presbyterian in due form." Thereupon the plan of organization was changed, the church adopted the Presbyterian form of government, and Edward F. Gay, Josiah P. Jewett, and Philester Jessup were elected as the first board of elders under the change of form.

     From the organization of the church, and through the fifteen months of its continuance on the union plan, its pulpit had been filled most acceptably by the Rev. Henry Root, and now, on the 25th of September, four days after its change in form, he was duly installed, by the usual ceremonies, as the first pastor of the Presbyterian Church. His ministration continued here until October, 1842. He was an earnest Christian, a devoted and efficient laborer, a man of kindly and agreeable manner, and universally beloved. The following named ministers have been his successors in the sacred office as pastors or stated supplies of this church, viz.: Rev. Sylvester Cochran, March, 1843, to March, 1844; Rev. Edward E. Gregory, March, 1844, to July, 1845; Rev. Henry Root, -- a second term, -- November, 1845, to July, 1847; Rev. H. H. Grannis, October, 1847, to April, 1850; Rev. L. Mills, October, 1850, to October, 1853; Rev. Robert McBride, October, 1853, to September, 1860; Rev. J. A. Griffes, September, 1861, to October, 1863; Rev. J. Ford Sutton, February, 1864, to July, 1865; Rev. Joel Kennedy, March, 1866, to August, 1867; Rev. Gustavus L. Foster, December, 1867, to December, 1872. Rev. George M. Clark, May, 1873, to July 1874; Rev. Franklin A. Spencer, March to June, 1875.--a temporary supply. Rev. James Lewis, the present pastor of the church, began his labors July 11, 1875, and was installed in October of the same year. During the pastorate of Rev. Sylvester, Cochran --July 29, 1843--it was

     "Resolved, That the First Presbyterian Church of Howell be hereafter known and designated as the Congregational Church of Howell, and that this, the said church, be governed by the rules and regulations usually adopted in Congregational Churches." That the First Presbyterian Church of Howell be hereafter known and designated as the Congregational Church of Howell, and that this, the said church, be governed by the rules and regulations usually adopted in Congregational Churches."

     But on the 27th of October, 1845, nearly simulianteously with the commencement of the second pastorate of the Rev. Henry Root, the church again became Presbyterian. From that time it has been in the Presbyterian connection, but had only elders-elect, each chosen for the term of three years, until Sept. 26, 1875, when the elders were duly ordained and installed. William McPherson, however, was ordained in October, 1842, when first chosen elder.

     The oldest of the ministers now living, who have been pastors of this church, is the Rev. Edward E. Gregory, who resides in Howell village, takes a lively interest in the welfare of the church, and still fills the pulpit most acceptably when occasion requires.

     Of the clergymen mentioned in the above list as having served this church at various times, the only one who died during the term of his pastorate here was the Rev. Robert McBride, who passed away in the prime of manhood. His death occurred on the 15th of September, 1860, at Sparta, Wis., to which place he had gone a short time before on a visit to his parents, and in the hope of improving his declining health. A few days after his death the Sparta Herald of which his father was editor and publisher -- contained the following brief history of his life, and of the scenes and events attending his dissolution. It is reproduced here, because it cannot fail to be read with interest by many who well remember his ministration and his virtues.

     "Our dearly beloved son had spent but eight years in the ministry after graduating in theology at Oberlin, Ohio, in 1853--before his mission on earth was cut short by an apparently untimely death, but even this brief period was truly and earnestly devoted to the service of his Divine Master.

     "Consecrated in early infancy to the service of the Saviour by a devoted, pious mother, who led the way to Christ in death, as she had ever faithfully in life, at great personal sacrifices and privations to both his parents he was early placed in a position to fit him for the work. He pursued his studies for ten years with unusual assiduity, and became a ripe scholar when his term of instruction closed. At the age of sixteen he surrendered his heart to God, during a season of, revival in the institution with which he was connected, and from that time on was a true follower of Christ. In 1854 he connected himself in marriage with Miss Abbie Comstock, of Adrian, Mich., who was eminently fitted, in every respect, to aid him in the important work upon which he had entered.

     "His first year was occupied in the Presbyterian Church at Parma, and the seven subsequent years in. the Presbyterian Church at Howell, Mich. where he labored as their pastor to the general 170. acceptance to his people and with good success in winning souls to Christ. About three months ago he was attacked with a severe hemorrhage, then supposed to proceed from his throat, which entirely prostrated his energies and he was compelled to relinquish his labors in the desk. His vascular system from early youth being of a feeble, relaxed character, --though enjoying good health generally otherwise,--he became subject to frequent slight hemorrhages, from close application as a student, but not of a serious nature until recently. A journey and rest was recommended, and with his wife and child, he came to Wisconsin about three weeks ago. For the first week of his arrival he appeared to recover rapidly, and confidently expected to return in a few weeks and resume his labors at Howell; but God in his providence had arranged it otherwise, and summoned him to a higher sphere.

     "The call was sudden and unexpected to himself, as well as to all his sorrow-stricken relatives and friends, but it found him with his lamp trimmed and burning. No serious result was apprehended from a slight fever which affected him for a week or two by his physician or family, until but a few hours previous to his death. When informed of his condition and that he had but a few hours to live at the most, and might not but for a very few minutes,-- his pulse had ceased entirely and extremities becoming cold,--he received it calmly, and at once committed his soul to God. The distress and anguish of his wife and child impressed him strongly with deep emotions for a few minutes, but he soon resumed his composure and endeavored to soothe and administer comfort and consolation to the dear ones he loved with so much tender affection. The Saviour graciously placed underneath him his arms of mercy, sustaining and supporting him in a remarkable manner throughout, so that he was enabled to converse frequently and freely with his afflicted wife and relatives; while in the intervals he appeared to hold close communion with his God. But once he spoke of his great disappointment in being thus early cut off from the sacred mission he had so much at  heart, of laboring for souls, but expressed a cheerful submission to the will of his heavenly Father in this, as in all things else.

     "During a private conversation I had with him for a few minutes, about three hours before his death, I asked him if he had any fear of death, now apparently so nigh, or doubts on his mind of his acceptance with God. He at once replied, 'I cannot say that I have any timid fears of death, but I feel that it is an awful realization to be thus suddenly hurried into the presence of my final judge. I know that I have fallen far short of my duty to God and his service on earth, but I feel great assurance that I have a precious Saviour who will plead for me, and while I entertain a well-grounded hope of an acceptance with God, I trust that I shall have a clearer manifestation of that acceptance before my departure.' About one o'clock P.M., his extreme exhaustion and short, quick breathing admonished him that his end was nigh. Having affectionately embraced his wife and child, requesting her to remain as calm and quiet as possible, be closed his eyes and lay apparently in deep communion. In a few minutes his yet clear eyes opened wide, and shone with peculiar lustre as he earnestly gazed out, as if seeing or hearing something in the far-off distance; softly but distinctly he said, I hear the waters roll.' In a few minutes after he again said, 'I see the bright river.' A placid, sweet smile for an instant curved over his lips, his eyes gently closed, two or three scarcely perceptible breaths escaped.--he was asleep in Christ the Saviour."

     The death of Mr. McBride was sincerely mourned by his church, and by the entire community of Howell, as that of an able preacher, a devoted pastor, and an excellent, influential, and Christian citizen.

     The accessions to the membership of the Presbyterian  Church of Howell are given below:

     The accessions to the church during the last twenty years have been too numerous to be conveniently given. The present number of its members is 275.

     The present (1879) elders of the church are William McPherson, S. M. Yerkes, F. N. Monroe, P. L. Reed, R. P. Melendy, Theodore Welcker, and J. M. Eager.

     The Sabbath-school connected with the church is organized into 26 classes, and has a very large attendance. Its present officers are: Superintendent, M. J. McPherson; Assistant Superintendent, H. H. Mills; Secretary, Birt F. Parsons; Librarian, Ernest D. Hutton; Assistant Librarian, Samuel F. Crosman; Treasurer, Alexander McPherson; Collector, E. Huntley.

     The church edifice which is the present house of worship of this church was built during the pastorate of the Rev. Robert McBride, having been completed and dedicated, in the autumn of 1855. It is a good and commodious brick structure, standing on a site located in the southeast angle of Sibley and McCarthy Streets. The society owns a good parsonage, located on Lake Street, built in the year 1868.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF HOWELL

     This church, which maintained an existence for a number of years in Howell, grew out of the secession of several members from the Presbyterian Church in the spring of 1849. These  members, with several other persons, having this matter in contemplation, asked advice on the subject of the General Association of Congregational Churches, at Ann Arbor, and received the reply that it was the privilege of the memorialists to invite a council, by letters missive to neighboring churches, to convene at Howell, examine the case, and give the advice asked. This course was accordingly pursued; the council convened here, and, after deliberation, announced the decision that "it is their privilege and their duty to proceed to organize a Congregational Church at Howell." Acting on this advice, a church organization was formed immediately afterwards, the Rev. Mr. Lockwood, of Dexter, assisting. The original members of the church were the following named persons: Charles Clark, Mrs. Maria Clark, ZebuIon M. Drew, Lucy Drew, Edward F. Gay, Mrs. Clarissa L. Gay, Benjamin W. Cardell and wife.

     The Rev. Norman Ackley became their pastor on the 18th of June, 1849, and at the first communion thirteen members were added to the original eight. Mr. Ackley continued with the church for a year and a half, and during this time its membership was increased to fifty-two, twenty-one of whom had been members of the Presbyterian Church. But about the end of the time named, their minister was charged with improper and unministerial conduct; an investigation followed; the charges being sustained he was silenced," and his labors with this church were abruptly ended.

This had a very disheartening effect, and a number of members withdrew, but soon afterwards the services of the Rev. Enos Rice were engaged, and he remained with them for two years, during which time several new members connected themselves